NAME
ungene ngemvume - tyikityo
SYNOPSIS
ungene [ igama ]
ukungena ngemvume
ukungena ngemvume -h hostname
igama lokungena ngemvume
INKCAZELO
Ukungena ngemvume kusetyenziswa xa usayina kwinkqubo . Ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ukusuka komnye umsebenzisi ukuya kwenye nayiphi na ixesha (iinqabileyo zanamhlanje zineenkxaso kulo mfanekiso owakhiwe kuwo, nangona kunjalo).
Ukuba ingangqiniswanga ingxabano, ungene ngemvume ngegama lomsebenzisi.
Ukuba umsebenzisi akayiyo ingcambu, kwaye ukuba / etc / nologin ikhona, okukule fayili kuprintwe kwisikrini, kwaye ukungena ngemvume kupheliswe. Oku kusetyenziswa ukukhusela ukungena xa inkqubo isuswa.
Ukuba izithintelo zokufikelela ezikhethekileyo zichazwe kumsebenzisi kwi / / etc / usertty , ezi zimele zihlangane, okanye umgobo kumzamo uya kunqatshwa kwaye umyalezo we syslog uza kuveliswa. Khangela icandelo "kwiZithintelo zokuFikelela okuKhethekileyo".
Ukuba umsebenzisi unengcambu, kufuneka ukuba ukungena ngemvume kwenzeke kwi-tty efakwe kwi / etc / ephephile . Ukungaphumeleli kuya kungena kwiziko le syslog .
Emva kokuba le meko ihlolwe, iphasiwedi iya kucelwa kwaye ihlolwe (ukuba iphasiwedi iyadingeka kule gama lomsebenzisi). Iinzame ezilishumi zivunyelwe ngaphambi kokungena ngemvume , kodwa emva kweemithathu zokuqala, impendulo iqala ukukhawuleza. Ukungaphumeleli kokungena kwi- syslog kusetyenziswa ingxelo. Esi sikhungo sisetyenziselwa ukubika nayiphi na ingcambu yeengcambu eziphumelelayo.
Ukuba ifayile .hushlogin ikhona, ngoko "ukungena" kuyasebenza (oku kukhubaza ukutshekisha kweposi kunye nokushicilelwa kwexesha lokugqibela lokungena kunye nomyalezo wosuku). Ngaphandle koko, ukuba / var / log / lastlog ikhona, ixesha lokugqibela lokungena liprintwa (kunye nelogin yangoku irekhodwa).
Izinto eziphathekayo zokulawula, ezifana nokubeka i-UID ne-GID ye-tty eyenziwa. Ukutshintsha kwemeko ye-TERM kugcinwa ukuba kukhona (ezinye iimeko eziguquguqukayo zogcinwa ukuba i-- p inketho isetyenziswa). Emva koko i-HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, kunye ne-LOGNAME zendalo ziguquliwe. I-PATH ihambelana ne / usr / yendawo / ibini: / ibini: / usr / bin:. kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, kunye ne / sbin: / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin for root. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba oku kungena "ukuthula" ukungena, umyalezo wosuku ushicilelwe kwaye ifayile kunye negama lomsebenzisi kwi / var / spool / i-imeyile iya kuhlolwa, kwaye umyalezo uprintwe ukuba awunalo ubude obude.
Igobolondo lomsebenzisi sele iqaliswa. Ukuba akukho ikhebhile ichazwe kumsebenzisi kwi / / etc / passwd , ke / / bin / sh isetyenziswe. Ukuba akukho khowudi echazwe kwi / etc / passwd , ke / isetyenziselwa (i-home directory ihlolwe kwifayile yehushlogin echazwe ngasentla).
IMISEBENZI
-p
Isetyenziswe ngu- getty (8) ukuxelela ukungena ukungabhubhisa indawo
-f
Ukusetyenziswa ukunqumla ukubhaliswa kwesibili sokungena ngemvume. Oku akwenzeki ngokusesikweni, kwaye akabonakali ukuba asebenze kakuhle phantsi kwe- Linux .
-h
Isetyenziswe ngamanye amaseva (okt, telnetd (8) ukuba idlulise igama lomninimzi odeleyo ukuze ungene ngemvume ukuze ifakwe kwi-utmp kunye ne-wtmp. Nguye kuphela umgcini-mhlaba ongasebenzisa olu khetho.
Izikhawulelo eziKhethekileyo
Ifayili / njl / iluhlu olukhuselekileyo amagama e-ttys apho ingcambu evunyelwe ukungena ngemvume. Igama elinye le-device ye-tty ngaphandle kwe / dev / iqhosha kufuneka lichazwe kumgca ngamnye. Ukuba ifayile ayikho, ingcambu ivunyelwe ukungena kuyo nayiphi na into.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze- Linux zamaninzi ezikhoyo i-PAM (Iimodyuli zokuQinisekisa eziQinisekayo) zisetyenzisiweyo. Kwiinkqubo ezingasebenzisi i-PAM, ifayile / njl / usertty ichaza imingcele eyongezelelweyo yokungena kubasebenzisi abathile. Ukuba le fayile ayikho, akukho zithintelo zokungena ezongezelelweyo ezifakwe. Ifayile ifaka ulandelelwano lwamacandelo. Kukho iintlobo zecandelo ezintathu ezinokwenzeka: iiCASSASS, GROUPS kunye nabasebenzisi. Icandelo leeklasi lichaza iiklasi zamaphetheni wegama le-hostname, ICandelo leGAKOUPS lichaza i-ttys evumelekileyo kunye nemikhosi kwiqela ngalinye, kwaye icandelo le-USERS lichaza i-ttys evumelekileyo kunye nemikhosi kumsebenzisi ngamnye.
Umgca ngamnye kule fayili ingabikho ngaphezu kweelwimi ezingama-255. Amazwana aqala ngo- # umlingiswa aze anwelele ekupheleni komgca.
ICandelo leeCASSES
ICANDELO leeklasi liqala ngegama KAKARASI ekuqaleni komgca kuzo zonke iimeko eziphezulu. Ngalunye ulandelelwano olude ukuqala kwecandelo elitsha okanye ekupheleni kwefayili liqukethe ukulandelana kwamazwi ahlukaniswe ngamathebhu okanye izikhala. Umgca ngamnye uchaza iklasi yeettys and pattern patterns.
Igama ekuqaleni komgca luchazwa njengegama eliqokelelweyo kumaphetheni kunye neendwendwe ezichazwe kuwo wonke umgca. Leli gama eliqokelelweyo lingasetyenziswa kunoma yiliphi iqela le-GROUPS okanye i-USERS icandelo. Alukho igama leklasi elimele lenzeke njengenxalenye yenkcazo yeklasi ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki ngeeklasi eziphindaphindiweyo.
Umzekelo wamacandelo eCANDLA:
AMAKHASI myclass1 tty1 tty2 myclass2 tty3 @ .foo.comOku kuchaza iiklasi ze- myclass1 kunye ne- myclass2 njengamacala amacala afanelekileyo.
ICandelo leGRAWS
ICandelo leqela leqela lichaza i-ttys evumelekileyo kunye nemikhosi kwinqanaba ngalinye le-Unix. Ukuba umsebenzisi uyilungu leqela le Unix ngokwe / etc / passwd kunye / etc / iqela kwaye iqela elinjalo likhankanywe kwicandelo le-GROUPS kwi / etc / usertty ke umsebenzisi unikezelwa ukufikelela ukuba iqela likhoyo.
Icandelo leQela liqala ngegama elithi GROUPS kuzo zonke iimeko eziphezulu ekuqaleni komgca, kwaye umgca olandelayo ngalunye ulandelelana lwamagama ahlukaniswe zizikhala okanye iithebhu. Igama lokuqala kumgca igama leqela kunye namanye amagama kumgca uchaza i-ttys kunye nemikhosi apho amalungu aloo qela avunyelwe ukufikelela. Ezi nkcukacha zingabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezichazwe kwicandelo langaphambili leeklasi.
Umzekelo weCandelo le-GROUPS.
IIKROUP sys tty1 @ .bar.edu stud myclass1 tty4Lo mzekelo ucacisa ukuba amalungu e- sys yeqela angangena kwi-tty1 nakwiMikhosi kwi-domain ye-bar.edu. Abasebenzisi kwisigxoko seqela bangangena kwi-hosts / ttys ezichazwe kwiklasi ye-classic1 okanye ukusuka kwi-tty4.
ICandelo lama-USERS
ICANDELO LABASEBENZI liqala ngegama ABASEBENZI kuzo zonke iimeko ezisemgangathweni ekuqaleni komgca, kwaye ngamnye umgca olandelayo ulandelelana lwamagama ahlukaniswe zizikhala okanye iithebhu. Igama lokuqala kumgca ligama lomsebenzisi kwaye umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukungena kwi-ttys nakwiimikhosi ezikhankanyiweyo kulo lonke umgca. Ezi nkcukacha zibandakanya iiklasi ezichazwe kwicandelo langaphambili leeklasi. Ukuba akukho nhlokweni yecandelo ichazwe phezulu kwifayela, icandelo lokuqala litshintshela ukuba lilungu le-USERS.
Umzekelo wecandelo lama-USERS:
ABASEBENZI baseZcho tty1 @ 130.225.16.0 / 255.255.255.0 i-blue tty3 myclass2Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi we-zacho ukuba angene ngemvume kuphela kwi-tty1 nakwiimikhosi kunye ne-IP engaphezulu kwi-range 130.225.16.0 - 130.225.16.255, kwaye umsebenzisi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka avunyelwe ukungena kwi-tty3 kwaye nayiphi na into echazwe kwiklasi ye-classic2.
Kukho umgca kwicandelo le-USERS eliqala ngegama lomsebenzisi *. Lo ngumgaqo ongagqibekanga kwaye uya kusetyenziswa kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ongahambisani naluphi na umgca.
Ukuba zombini umgca we-USERS kunye nomgca we-GROUPS udibanisa umsebenzisi ngoko umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukufikelela kwimanyano yazo yonke i-ttys / imikhosi ekhankanywe kule nkcazo.
Imvelaphi
Iimpawu zeprogram ze-tty kunye nomncedisi ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkcazo zeeklasi, ukufumana iqela kunye nokufikelela komsebenzisi kuthiwa yimvelaphi. Umtya wokuqala unokufumana enye yezi fomathi:
o
Igama lefowuni ngaphandle kwesiqalo / dev / isiqalo, umzekelo tty1 okanye ttyS0.
o
Umtya @localhost, oko kuthetha ukuba umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukuba abe netnetnet / rlogin ukusuka kumninimzi wendawo ukuya kumphathi omnye. Oku kukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenze umyalelo: xterm -e / bin / login.
o
Igama legama lesizinda njenge-@ .some.dom, oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzisi unokungena kwi-telnet kunoma yimuphi ummiselo ogama lakhe lesizinda elinesigxina.
o
Uluhlu lwee-IPv4 idilesi, ebhaliweyo @ xxxx / yyyy apho i-xxxx idilesi ye-IP kwisiqulatho esicacisiwe se-quad decimal, kwaye yyyy ibinkkk inqaku elifanayo elichaza ukuba yiyiphi idilesi ekuqhathaniseni nedilesi ye - IP yomlawuli odeleyo . Umzekelo @ 130.225.16.0 / 255.255.254.0 uthetha ukuba umsebenzisi unokungena kwi-telnet kunoma yimuphi ummiselo idilesi yakhe ye-IP ekulinganisweni 130.225.16.0 - 130.225.17.255.
Naliphi na imvelaphi engentla inokuthi ifakwe kwangaphambili ngexesha elithile ngokuhambelana ne-syntax:
timespec :: = '['Umzekelo, imvelaphi [mon: tue: wed: thu: fri: 8-17] tty3 kuthetha ukuba ukungena ngemvume kuvunyelwe ngemini ngeentsuku eziphakathi kwe-8: 00 no-17:59 (5:59 pm) kwi-tty3. Oku kubonisa nokuba uluhlu lweyure kubandakanya zonke iimeko phakathi kwe: 00 kunye b: 59. Inkcazelo yeeyure enye (njengama-10) ithetha ixesha eliphakathi kwe-10 no-10:59.
Ukungacacisi naluphi na isibalo sokuqala se-tty okanye ummiselo kuthetha ukungena kwivela kulo mvelaphi avunyelwe nayiphi na ixesha. Ukuba unika isiqalo sexesha qiniseka ukuba uchaza zombini isethi yeentsuku kunye enye okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure okanye iiyure. Ixesha elithile lingazibandakanyi nayiphi na indawo emhlophe.
Ukuba akukho myalelo ongagqibekanga unikezelwa ke abasebenzisi abangalingani nayiphi na umgca / njl / ukusetyenziswa kwemvume bavunyelwe ukungena kuyo ukusuka naphi na ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo.
BONA KWAKHO
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.