Ukwakha inethiwekhi yommandla ohlala kuyo
Unxibelelwano lwekhompyutheni yekhaya kunye neyeshishini elincinci lingazakhiwa ngokusebenzisa i-teynoloji yocingo okanye engenakucingo I- Ethernet ene-Wired yinto yokhetho lomdabu kumakhaya, kodwa i- Wi-Fi kunye nezinye iinketho ezingenazintambo zifumana ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Bobabini benobuxhakaxhaka kunye nabangenantambo banokubango inzuzo ngaphezu komnye; zombini zimele iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ekhaya kunye nakwamanye amanethiwekhi angingqi (ii-LANs) .
Ngezantsi siqhathanise ukuxhunywa kwentambo kunye ne-wireless kwiindawo ezincinci ezintlanu:
- lula ukufakwa
- iindleko ezipheleleyo
- ku thembeka
- ukusebenza
- khu seleko
Malunga nee-LAN ezicwangcisiweyo
I-LAN ezinamanzi zisebenzisa i- Ethernet cables kunye ne- adapters ye- network. Nangona iikhompyutyana ezimbini zingabanjelwa ngokuthe ngqo komnye nomnye usebenzisa i- Ethernet crossover cable , ii-LAN ezichumiweyo ngokubanzi zifuna amaziko angundoqo njengama- hubs , switches , okanye ii-routers ukulungiselela iikhomputha ezininzi.
Ukudibanisa i-intanethi kwi-Intanethi, ikhompyutheni ebamba i modem kufuneka isebenze Ukwabelana nge-Inthanethi okanye isofthiwe efanayo ukuxelela uxhulumaniso kunye nazo zonke ezinye iikhomputha kwi-LAN. Ii-routers ze-Broadband zivumela ukuba kube lula ukwabelana nge-modem yekhebula okanye uxhumano lwe- DSL kwi-intanethi , kunye kunye nabo baquka ukuxhaswa kwe- firewall inkxaso.
Ukufakwa
Iikhomputha ze-Ethernet maziqhutywe ukusuka nganye ikhomputha ukuya kwikhompyutha okanye kwisixhobo esiphakathi. Kungadla ixesha kwaye kunzima ukuqhuba iingcingo phantsi komgangatho okanye ngeendonga, ngakumbi xa iikhomputha zihleli kumagumbi ahlukeneyo.
Amanye amakhaya amatsha sele anqanyuliwe ngekhebula le- CAT5 , elula kakhulu inkqubo yokucoca kunye nokunciphisa i-cable.
Ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kweklabhu ye-LAN enefowuni kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kokuxutywa kwezixhobo, uhlobo loxhumano lwe- Intanethi , nokuba ingaba iimodem zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zisetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye yalezi zikhetho kubangela ubunzima obuninzi kunokuba, umzekelo, wiring i-home system system .
Emva kofakelo lwe-hardware, amanyathelo aseleyo ekuqwalaseleni i-LAN okanye i-Wireless LAN ayifani kakhulu. Bobabini bathembela kwi- Intanethi ye-intanethi kunye neendlela zokusebenza zenkqubo yokusebenza . Iiptops kunye nezinye iifowuni eziphathekayo zihlala zihlala zihamba ngokukhululeka kwiindawo zokunxibelelana kweekhaneli zasekhaya (ubuncinci ukuba zize zide iibhetri zabo zivumela).
Iindleko
Izixhobo ze-Ethernet, ii-hubs, kunye nokutshintsha akubizi kakhulu. Ezinye iiphakheji zesofthiwe zokwabelana , ezifana ne-ICS, zikhululekile; ezinye iindleko zokumisela. Iindlela zokuhamba ngeendlela zokubambisa zibiza iindleko ezingaphezulu, kodwa ezi zixhobo ezikhethiweyo ze-LAN ye-wired, kunye neendleko zabo eziphezulu zikhutshwe yinzuzo yokufakeka okulula kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela.
Ukuthembeka
Iikhomputha ze-Ethernet, ii-hubs, kunye nokutshintsha kuyathembeka kakhulu, ngokukodwa kuba abavelisi baye bathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo iteknoloji ye-Ethernet kwiminyaka emininzi. Izixhobo ezilahlayo zihlala zihlala zingumthombo omnye oqhelekileyo kunye onomsindo wokungaphumeleli kwinethiwekhi yocingo. Xa ufaka i-LAN enefowuni okanye uhambisa enye yamalungu emva koko, qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise uqhagamshelwano lwekhebula .
Ii-routers ze-Broadband nazo zineengxaki ezithile kwiingxaki ezithile kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngokungafani nezinye iigesi ze-Ethernet, ezi mveliso zizinto ezintsha, izixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi.
Iindlela zokuqhuba i-Broadband zikhulile kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwaye ukunyaniseka kwabo kuphuculwe kakhulu.
Ukusebenza
I-LAN ezinokhenketho zinikeza umsebenzi ophezulu. Ukunxibelelana kwe-Ethernet yeNdabuko kunika kuphela i-bandwidth ye-10 Mbps , kodwa i-100 Mbps i-Fast Ethernet iteknoloji ininzi imali kwaye ifumaneka ngokulula. Nangona i-100 Mbps ibonisa ukusebenza kweyona nto engakhange ifumaneke ngokusebenzayo, i-Fast Ethernet kufuneka iwanele ukwabelana ngefayile yekhaya , ukudlala kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emininzi kwixesha elizayo.
I-LAN ezinokusebenzisa ii-hubs ziyakwazi ukuxhatshazwa kokusebenza xa iikhomputha zisebenzisa kakhulu umnatha.
Sebenzisa i-Ethernet switches esikhundleni se-hubs ukuphepha le ngxaki; itshintsho libiza iindleko ezincinci ngaphezu kwehhafu.
Khu seleko
Ngayiphi na i-LAN enefowuni exhunywe kwi-intanethi, izixhobo zomlilo ziqwalaselwa ngokubalulekileyo kukhuseleko. Ii-hubs ze-Ethernet kunye nee-switches azixhasi iifutha. Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zesofthiwe ye-firewall njenge- ZoneAlarm ingafakwa kwiikhompyutheni ngokwazo. Iibhutjha zobambiswano zinikeza ukulingana komlilo olinganayo owenziwe kwisixhobo, esilungiswayo kwi software yayo.
Malunga neeLAN ezingenanto
Iikhompyutheni zeWLAN ezidumileyo zilandela enye yeendlela ezintathu zokunxibelelana kwe-Wi-Fi . Iintlobo zezonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo zixhomekeke kumgangatho osetyenziswayo:
- I-802.11b yimiqathango yokuqala yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-WLAN.
- Umgangatho we- 802.11a ukhawuleza kodwa ubiza ngaphezu kwe-802.11b; I-802.11a iyafumaneka ngokubanzi kwiinkonzo zoshishino.
- Umgangatho omtsha, u- 802.11g , uzama ukudibanisa i-802.11a kunye no-802.11b, nangona kunjalo kunokukhethwa kwindlela yokunxibelelanisa kwikhaya.
Ukufakwa
Iinqununu ze-Wi-Fi zingaqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:
- Imodi ye-Ad-hoc ivumela iifowuni ezingenantambo ukuba zixhumane kwimodi yoontanga kunye nomnye.
- Imodi "yeZibonelelo" ivumela iifowuni ezingenantambo ukuba zixubushe kunye nombindi ophakathi ongakwazi ukuthetha kunye neenombolo ezifakwe kwi-LAN.
Uninzi lwe-LAN ludinga imo yeziseko zokufikelela kwi-intanethi, umshicileli wendawo okanye ezinye iinkonzo zentambo, kanti i- ad hoc mode isekela kuphela ukwabelana ngefayile ephakathi kweefowuni ezingenantambo .
Iimodi zombini ze-Wi-Fi zidinga i-adapters yenethiwekhi engenazintambo, ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngamakhadi e-WLAN. Imoya yeZiseko ze- WLANs ifuna ukuba i-central central ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokufikelela . Indawo yokungena kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo ephakathi apho izibonakaliso zomsakazo ezingenazintambo zingafikelela kuyo ngokuphazamiseka okuncinci. Nangona iifayile ze-Wi-Fi zifikelela kwii-100 iimitha (30 m) okanye ngaphezulu, ukuvinjelwa njengeendonga kunokunciphisa kakhulu ulwahlulo lwabo.
Iindleko
Iigesi ezingenazintambo zibiza ixabiso elingaphezulu kweemveliso ezilinganayo ze-Ethernet.
Kwixabiso elipheleleyo lokuthengisa, ii-adapters ezingenazintambo kunye neendawo zokufikelela zingadla iindleko ezintathu okanye ezine ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-adapter i-adapter cable kunye ne-hubs / switches, ngokulandelanayo. Iimveliso ezingama-802.11b ziye zahlawula ngokuxabisa ngokukhululeka kwama-802.11g, kwaye ngokucacileyo, ukuthengiswa kweentengiso kungafumaneka ukuba abathengi bayaphikelela.
Ukuthembeka
Ii-LAN ezingenazintlu zijongene neengxaki ezimbalwa ezithembekileyo kwiinkonzo ze-LAN, nangona mhlawumbi akunakwanela ukuba zixhalabele. Ama-802.11b kunye no-802.11g amatshini angenazintambo angenaziphazamiso kwezinye izixhobo zombane ezibandakanya ii-oven microwave, iifowuni ezingenakucala kunye nabavuli begaraji. Ngokufakela ngokucophelela, amathuba okuphazamiseka anokunciphisa.
Iimveliso zokunxibelelana ezingenazintlu , ngokukodwa ezo ziphumeza i-802.11g, ziyafana ntsha. Njengalo naluphi na iteknoloji entsha, lindele ukuba kuthathe ixesha lokuba le mveliso ikhule.
Ukusebenza
Ii-LAN ezingenasiphelo zisebenzisa i-802.11b inkxaso ngenkxaso enkulu ye-bandwidth ye-11 Mbps, efana neyokudala, i-Ethernet yendabuko. I-802.11a kunye ne-802.11g ii-WLAN zisekela ii- 54 Mbps , malunga nesiqingatha se-bandwidth ye-Fast Ethernet. Ukongezelela, ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi kukude ukuqonda, oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kuya kuhlaziywa kwiikhomputha kude kude neendawo zokufikelela okanye enye inguqu yokuqhagamshelana. Njengoko iifowuni ezingenantambo ezingaphezulu zingasebenzisa i-WLAN ngakumbi, ukusebenza kuthotywa ngakumbi.
Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-802.11a kunye ne-802.11g kwanele ukwabelana nge-Intanethi kunye nokwabelana ngefayile , kodwa ngokubanzi akunakwanele ukudlala kwe-LAN yasekhaya.
Ukuhamba ngokubanzi kwee-LAN ezingenazintambo kunceda ukucima ukusebenza komonakalo. Iikhomputha zefowuni azidingi ukuba ziboshwe kwikhebula le-Ethernet kwaye zikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-WLAN. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iikhomputha zekhaya ziimodeli ezinkulu ze desktop, kwaye kunye neekhomputha zamaselula maxa wambi zifanele ziboshwe kwintambo kagesi kunye nokuphuma kwamandla. Oku kunciphisa inzuzo yokuhamba kwee-WLAN kumakhaya amaninzi.
Khu seleko
Kwiingcamango, ii-LAN ezingenazintambo zikhuselekile kunokuba zikhuselekile ii-LANs, kuba izibonakaliso zokunxibelelana ezingenazintambo zihamba ngomoya kwaye zingaphunyezwa kalula. Ukubonisa ubungqina babo, ezinye iinjineli ziye zakhuthaza umgangatho wokubambisana , okubandakanya ukuhamba kwindawo yokuhlala kunye ne-Wi-Fi izixhobo zokuskena ii-Airwaves ze-WLAN ezingakhuselekanga.
Kwinqanaba, nangona kunjalo, ubuthathaka bokhuseleko lwangenantambo luyinkcazelo ngakumbi kunokoqobo. I-WLAN zikhusela idatha yazo kwi- Standard ye - Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) yokubethela ukulinganisa, eyenza ukunxibelelana nge-wireless kubonakala kukhuselekile njengabantu abanamathele emakhaya.
Ayikho inethiwekhi yekhompyutheni ekhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye abanini bezindlu kufuneka baphande ngesi sihloko ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayazi kwaye bakhululekile ngeengozi. Ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kwabanini-propati abavumi ukuba baxhomekeke nokuba umnxibelelwano unamathele okanye ungenazintambo kodwa kunokuba uqinisekise:
- I-firewall ye-Intanethi iqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo
- Intsapho iyayazi ingozi ye-intanethi "i-imeyile yama-imeyili" kunye nendlela yokuyiqonda
- Intsapho iyaziqhelanisa nomxholo we "spyware" kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha
- abantwana, abagcini bezindlu, kunye nezinye iindwendwe abanakho ukungafuneki kwi-network
Isiphelo
Ufunde uhlalutyo kwaye ulungele ukwenza isigqibo sakho. Ngaloo nto ke, yintoni enye ingcono okanye ifowuni? Itheyibhile ingezantsi ifingqa iinkqubo eziphambili esicatshangelwe kule nqaku. Ukuba ukhathazekile kakhulu, kufuneka usebenze ngokugqithiseleyo kwenkqubo yakho yasekhaya, kwaye ungakhathaleli kakhulu ngokuhamba, ngoko-ke i- Ethernet LAN ene-wired ifanelekile kuwe.
Ukuba ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindleko zingaphantsi kombandela, uthanda ukuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wobuchwepheshe obunokuqala, kwaye unomdla kakhulu ngomsebenzi wokubamba ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini elincinci ngekhebula le-Ethernet, ngoko kufuneka uqwalasele LAN engenazintambo.
Uninzi lwawe luya kuwela phantsi phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ukuba ungekho phantsi, cinga ukucela abahlobo kunye nosapho malunga namava abo ngokukwakha i-LANs. Kwaye, sichitha imizuzu embalwa nje ngeThuluzi loNxibelelwano lweKhaya loLuntu lwasekhaya . Kufuneka kukuncede wenze isigqibo malunga nohlobo lwenethiwekhi kunye nejelo oza kulufumana.
Nika itrayi: Umcebisi weNethiwekhi yeKhaya
Wired vs Wireless
| Wired | Ezingenazintambo | |
| Ukufakwa | ubunzima bokumodareyitha | kulula, kodwa qaphela ukuphazamiseka |
| Iindleko | Ngaphantsi | Kaninzi |
| Ukuthembeka | phezulu | ephakamileyo |
| Ukusebenza | kakuhle kakhulu | kulungile |
| Khu seleko | efanelekileyo | efanelekileyo |
| Ukuhamba | nciphisa | ekhoyo |